Effects Of Cyber Bullying Criminology Essay

Effects Of Cyber Bullying Criminology Essay Cyber bullying is known to have some similar effects on victims as traditional bullying. Long term exposure to cyber bullying could lead to a decrease of a persons self-concept, an increased depression/anxiety level and more absence from school (Hines, 2011). Over the years the cyber bullying has received a lot of attention from the media and administration in school settings. Although existing research suggests that new form of bullying have similar negative effects as traditional bullying, additional research is needed to determine the extent of the effects it has on the victims (Hass, 2001). According to Kiriakidis and Kavoura (2010), 42.5% of victims surveyed said they were frustrated after being cyber bullied, 27% said they felt sad, 40% said they felt angry, 26.5% said they were affected at home and 22.1% of victims said it affected them at school (Hass, 2001). Cyber bullying also make some victims feel hopeless and scared to go to school. A number of victims who get cyber bull ied do nothing about it. It pushed some to stay offline more often and other reported it to their parents and siblings. The emotional damage of cyber bullying can be very severe and in some cases it makes victims to isolate themselves due to fear of being bullied again. Over 16,000 students miss school on a daily basis due to fear of bullies, and this diminishes their ability to learn at school (Mason, 2008). There have been cases where victims of cyber bullying have been besieged by chronic illness, suicidal thoughts, eating diasorders and some even ran away from home (Mason, 2008). The negative effects suffered from constant exposure to cyberbullying during school years may result in long term/chronic effects after the school years. Young adults who were former victims of cyber bullying tend to have poorer self esteem and show signs of depression when compared to peers who werent victimized (Mason, 2008). Research suggested that persistent cyber bullying at an early age leaves a n umber of scars that could be carried into adulthood. Hence, it is necessary to control/legislate cyber bullying at schools to help prevent the long and short term negative effects it could have on victims. The actual bullies may also suffer from some chronic negative effects that are related to cyber bullying. For instance, a number of adults who betrothed in anti-social activities later on in life were found to be bullies at school while younger (Mason, 2008). Accoding to Mason (2008), a survey revealed that sixty percent of boys who were bullies between grade six to grade nine have been convicted of one or more crimes by the age of twenty four, compared to twenty three percent of those who werent bullies between grade six to grade nine. Given the facts stated above, it is evident that both victims and buliies are at risk of developmental problems that could carry on into early adulthood and beyond (Mason, 2008). Some existing research on the effects of cyberbullying rely on correlational research which lack standardized measures of measuring the distress that stems from cyber bullying. Therefore, it is important for a more standardized measure to be implemented in future research (Hines, 2011). Age and Gender Differences According to Mason (2008), Girls (58%) are more likely to be the targets of online harassment than boys (42%). Also girls were found to more likely experience distressing harassment than boys (68% compares to 32%). However, 50% of the bullies or harassers were males while only 35% were females. This finding is in contrast with a another study by Kowalski et al. (2005) that found that girls are twice as likely as boys to be victims and culprits of cyber bullying (Mason, 2008). Two different studies by Olweus (1993) found that females are more likely to experience social bullying than males who are more susceptible to physical and direct forms of bullying (Hines, 2011). Health and Human Development sustained a survey that contained a sample of 15,686 students. The results indicated that girls reported to be victims of verbal bullying such as sexual comments and rumours more often than boys (Hines, 2011). Patronizing an individuals speech or looks was common among both sexes, along with negative comments about their race or religion (Hines, 2011). Cyber bullying is perceived to be more harmful to girls than it is to boys because adolescent girls perceive their social status to be of higher importance to their self-concept than adolescent boys do. Studies also reveal that the amount of girls that report bullying is higher than the amount of boys (Hines, 2011). Existing laws/bills Regulating Cyber bullying In criminal Law, Cyber bullying can be addressed under Defamatory Libel or Harassment. Defamatory Libel is considered a crime under the criminal code (section 300 of criminal code) and is punishable for up to five years in prison (Canadian Bar Association, (CBA), 2012). It occurs when a matter is published without lawful justification and it is likely to injure the reputation of another person, exposing them to hate and ridicule. Harassment is considered a crime under the criminal code and can be punished for up to 10 years in prison (CBA, 2012). Harassment occurs when something a person says or does create fear for his or her safety and/or the safety of others. There are cases where the suspect might not have intentions of harassing others but if someone else feels threatened by their actions they could be charged. Back in 2009, The Canadian Liberal government introduced bill C-273 which made it to the second hearing but was not passed into a law. This will be further discussed late r on in the paper. In regards to cyber bullying, there are only two Canadian provinces have developed statues that addresses school bullying. Which are: The Ontario Education Act and the Manitoba Public school Act Part III (Stanton Beran, 2009). Other provinces in Canada address issues related to bullying under their Workplace Acts. Even though it is not specifically designed for schools, these workplace acts do have legislations that govern or pertains to school bullying (Stanton Beran, 2009). Education Act (Ontario) The Ontario Education Act speaks to misbehaviours that may presumably include bullying under section 306 (1), 306 (2) and 306 (3) (Stanton Beran, 2009). Section 306 (1) instructs on mandatory suspension of individuals who commits one of six infractions while at school or while participating in school related activities. These infractions include expressing a threat to inflict serious bodily harm on other individuals, engaging in an act of vandalism that damages school properties, swearing at people in position of authority or a teacher, or partaking in another activity, under policy of the board, is one that calls for a mandatory suspension. Section 306 (2) describes the duration of mandatory suspensions, which could range from one to twenty days. Section 306 (3) outlines that teachers may suspend such individual or refer the issue to the principal (Stanton Beran, 2009). Other section of the Ontario Education Act also touches on appropriate code of conduct while on school premises. Section 301 (2) discusses six main goals of the Code of Conduct. One goal is to ensure that all school members, especially those in authority positions, are treated with respect and dignity. The second goal is to promote responsible citizenship by encouraging appropriate participation in the civic life of school community. The third goal is to maintain an environment where conflict and differences will be addressed in a manner that is characterized by civility and respect. The fourth goal is to encourage the use non-violent means to resolve conflicts. The fifth goal is to promote the safety of the school members. Lastly, the sixth goal discourages the use of illegal drugs and alcohol (Education Act, section 301(2)) (Stanton Beran, 2009). Public School Act Part III (Manitoba) The Manitoba Public School Act Part III has three different sections that are specific or relate to anti bullying policies. The first section is section 47.1 (1), codes of conduct and Emergency response plans. This section instructs school principals in alliance with school advisory committees to establish a code of conduct for pupils/staffs and an emergency response plan which is reviewed annually at bare minimum. Section 47.1 (2) further stated that the Code of Conduct should include five components. Frist, it must include a statement that pupils and the staffs will behave in a respectable manner and comply with the code (Stanton Beran, 2009). Secondly, it must include a statement indicating that bullying, or abusing any person orally, physically, psychologically, sexually, in writing or by other means is unacceptable. Additionally, unreasonable discrimination on the basis of any characteristic set out in Subsection 9(2) of the Human rights code, as well as possessing, using or be ing under influence of Alcohol or illegal drugs at school is unacceptable (Stanton Beran, 2009). The third component of the Code of Conduct requires that a statement regarding the intolerance of weapon possession and gang involvement should be included. The fourth component is a statement indicating pupils and staffs will abide by school policies and also adhere to appropriate use of electronic materials and the internet, including prohibition of accessing, uploading and/or distributing materials that the school has determined to be unacceptable. The fifth and last component of the code of conduct is a statement outlining the disciplinary consequences, with as much details as reasonably possible, of violating the code and it must also outline the process of appealing the disciplinary decisions. Furthermore, the code of conduct must meet all other regulatory requirements that are prescribed under The Education Administration Act (Stanton Beran, 2009). Section 47.1(3), content of em ergency of response plans, outlines the responsibility of schools to respond to threats that might be posed to them. The three sections list above indirectly touched upon the inappropriateness of bullying at schools by requiring a code of conducts, stating its content and finally, managing emergencies (Stanton Beran, 2009). The Ontario Ministry of Education recently proposed changes to the Education act in attempted to stop cyber bullies from posting online attacks against fellow students and teachers (Stanton Beran, 2009). The minister of education, Kathleen Wayne, explained in a press conference at Queens Park that cyber bullying has been added to the list of offences in the Education Act (Stanton Beran, 2009). The amendments as proposed will implement reconciliatory programs to help re-integrate students back into the classrooms, and that there will be strong consequences for inappropriate behaviours. With the new amendment to the act, the zero tolerance provisions of the act will be eliminated. The elimination resulted from a complaint by the Ontario Human Rights Commission on behalf of students, claiming that the zero tolerance policy was having disproportionate impacts on students with disability and minority students. Even though the government has proposed such changes to the Education Act, Se ction 306(1) discussed above is still in place and applicable on the court of law. Hence, students can still receive mandatory suspension if they choose to violate the Code of Conduct as stated in the Act. During the press conference, the Minister of Education made it known that the government of Ontario allocates approximately over 20 million dollars a year to provide programs for expelled and suspended students. The funds were provided by the government to help develop training programs for both vice principals and principals to effectively discipline students in a non-punitive manner, with the intention of decreasing the amount of expulsion and suspensions. These amendments seem to recognize that punishments such as, expulsion and suspension do not deal with the source of cyber bullying. Therefore, more resources may be allocated in an attempt to resolve/control cyber bullying (Stanton Beran, 2009). In other provinces like Quebec and Saskatchewan, The Occupational Health and Safety Act speak to work place bullying but it can be extended to school jurisdictions. In Quebec, the Act classified bullying as psychological harassment. This can be defined as aggravating behaviour in the form of verbal comments, hostile or unwanted, actions or gestures that affect an employees psychological or physical integrity and that could result in harmful work environment for employees (Stanton Beran, 2009). This act can be to bullying incidents at school because schools are also considered as occupational environments. In Saskatchewan, the Occupational Health and safety act was amended 2006 /2007, to include section 2(1b) which speaks to harassment. The amendment re-defined harass as any inappropriate conduct, action, comment, display or gesture by a person that either (I) race, colour, sex, creed, marital status, disability, family status, physical size or weight, nationality, ancestry, age, and place of origin, or (II) adversely affects workers psychological and/or physical well-being that the person knows or ought to know would cause intimidation or humiliation of the worker, or (III) Constitute a threat to the safety and health of other workers (Bill 66, 2007) (Stanton Beran, 2009). Based on these amendments, it can be inferred that bullies who affect the psychological or physical well-being of other students or teachers by humiliating or intimidate them can be punished under the law or found guilty of a criminal offense (Stanton Beran, 2009). Thus the Occupational Health and Safety Act in Quebec and Saskatchewan can be applicable to individuals who engage in bullying at school. Other provinces in Canada such as Alberta have specified safety and respect measures outlined in their school Act. Bylaws governing bullying According to Stanton and Beran (2009), Edmonton and Regina are the only two big cities in Canada with Bylaws that fines individuals for engaging in bullying. The town council of Rocky Mountain House recently passed an anti-bullying bylaw that targets youths, bystanders and adults (Stanton Beran, 2009). Edmonton (Alberta) was the first big city in Canada to give authority to police officers to fine bullies a minimum of $250. Bylaw fines varies depending on the municipality and jurisdiction. The fines can range from 125 dollars in North Battleford to 1000 dollars for second offence in Rocky Mountain House (Stanton Beran, 2009). According to the bylaws, bullying is perceived as behavious that threaten and intimidate others. The bylaws were implemented to prevent individuals from engaging in bullying and other harmful behaviours (like assault, harrassment and gand violence). Those who support the bylaws argue that the ability to fine those who intimidate, threathen or humiliate others will deter them and possibly make them abstain from the behaviour. In Regina, the Anti-Bullying and Public fighting bylaw is quite different from the bylaws in Edomonton. It outlines that bullying someone else in a public place or written through electronic devices is illegal. Moreover, recording videos or taking pictures of people fighting and posting online for the public to see is illegal. Bylaw fines in Regina is higher than in Edmonton; it ranges from $100 to $2000. The fines/tickets are issued to parents if the perpetrator is between the ages of 12 and 16. The Anti-Bullying and Public Fighting Bylaw is applicable to bullying incidents in both the community and online (cyber bullying), and as well as to physical fights (Stanton Beran, 2009). This bylaw was implemented to help reduce bullying and the tolerance level for such behaviours. Bylaws give recognition to to psychological and emotional suffering of victims. The thought of having to pay a fine might also serves as a dete rrent for some bullies (Stanton Beran, 2009). Interventions of Cyber bullying In recent years researchers and policy makers have come up with a number of interventions and prevention methods for cyber bullying but some of these proposed interventions are not fully effective or have failed to deter the behaviour (cyber bullying). As such, bullying prevention programs that are incorporated into school curriculums specifically address cyber bullying instead of only traditional bullying. Moreover, Parents and educators should intervene in bullying incidents, because a failure to do so may negatively affect students ability to be successful and happy at school and at home (Hines, 2011). People in position of authority should work in a program/solution that provides the ability to block and monitor slanderous and malicious instant messages and filter online networking comments before they are posted. It should intelligently find threats, categorize them and take the appropriate action as pre-defined by the school or district policy. The program/solution should ensur e that web protection is extended beyond anti-malware, URL filtering, and anti-spam, with integrated ability to scan all outbound and inbound contents and attachments by using granular content controls, such as objectionable content filtering (Hines, 2011). By filtering out or blocking harmful messages or comments, schools can reduce cyber bullying. It is important that the technology being used allows for clear definition and enforcement of acceptable content policies. Slanderous and harmful contents should be rerouted or quarantined. The best solution should be a unified one that enables access control to some websites, provide notification of policy violations, provide consolidated reporting for holistic visibility of cyber bullying actions, monitor webmail traffic, block offensive contents from being uploaded to websites, monitor email usage, and help identify the breaches through which students may try to bypass the system (Hines, 2011). It is evident that incorporation of cybe r bullying laws is failing to keep up with the pace at which incidence of cyber bullying is rising. One may ask, if there are any precautionary methods that could be implemented to protect children before becoming victims of cyber bullying.

Is Atticus a good father? Essay

TurnipIn the beginning of the story, Jem and Scout considered Atticus to be inadequate as a father. However, I think that they were acting somewhat childish. In reverse, Atticus is definitely an excellent role model and a good father for Jem and Scout. Firstly, Atticus raised two children – Jem and Scout on his own and was always there for them. He was affectionate with his children and he was always ready with a big hug when they needed comfort. Also, he was a loving and caring father who cared about their education and tried to use as much time as possible out of his packed work schedule to teach them how to read. Moreover, he spent father-child bonding time with them by reading stories to them at night. Secondly, he taught his children about morals and values patiently. He guided them with everyday lessons in life. He set such a good example for his children, even when it means risking his safety. Obviously there was a case where he defended Tom Robinson though no one else would. This shows that he was showing his children that everyone deserved to be treated equally regardless of their skin colours and that one must do what is right even when that means doing something difficult. Thirdly, he taught his children valuable lessons through trivial incidents. For instance, he accepted payment in any form that his clients were able to give it, e. g. turnip greens, stove wood and hickory nuts, etc. It shows that he was teaching his children that money meant less than helping one’s human beings and that all people regardless of income or status deserved his help and friendship. Fourthly, although he allowed his children to play and explore freely, he was also a firm disciplinarian who always taught his children to think of how their actions will affect others and gave suitable punishments to them. For example, when Jem damages the camellia bushes of Mrs. Dubose, Atticus advised him to say sorry to such an old and sick lady. Mrs Dubose then punished him by asking him to read to her every afternoon for two hours. Atticus used this experience to teach Jem what real â€Å" courage† meant and focus on the principles of life and respects while upholding fairness and justice. To conclude, although Atticus is not a perfect father, he was very responsible and easily gained trust of Jem and Scout, which is something essential in every parent-child relationship.

Air pollution in Hong Kong - 1747 Words

Wall-effect† and â€Å"heat island effect† Since Hong Kong restructured to financial industry base. Hong Kong government trend to build more high buildings in core business districts to attract foreign companies invest Hong Kong, due to high rent of office/commercial buildings and lack of these buildings especially in Central and Wan Chai. The population growth makes the demand of housing increasing. Therefore, Hong Kong has become mixed-use development and has appeared many high-rise residential or commercial buildings. Now Hong Kong has 1,251 skyscrapers and high-rises and the amount is top of the world (Li, 2014). And these high-rise buildings are known as walled-building and this term is created by some environmentalists. Over these years, Hong Kong government has to find more flat land and build new housing like pushed 85,000 housing units annual target policy (Hong Kong Institute of Planners, 2007). But Hong Kong just a small place, government increase the plot ratio to build more houses. The development density can be calculated by maximum permitted plot ratio multiplying the site areas (Hong Kong Institute of Planners, 2007). The site area was granted by government getting large; developers plan the building on one side and club-house on the other site. And Hong Kong government through different exemption or bonus and for different objectives to increase additional floor area and buildings bulks for instance ancillary uses, green incentives and provision of publicShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Air Pollution On Hong Kong1361 Words   |  6 PagesAir pollution is a phenomenon that there are harmful materials in the earth’s atmosphere. Worldwide attention has been focused on air pollution in rapidly urbanizing cities since the Kyoto Protocol of year in 1997. Hong Kong air pollution is one of the most serious over the world. Air pollution will bring a lot of influence such as health and economic problem. There are more than 7 million population in Hong Kong and this increase the requirement from different area such as transportation which willRead MoreThe Effects Of Air Pollution On Hong Kong1686 Words   |  7 Pageshas seen the pictures of air so thick there is no visibility in Hong Kong, New Delhi and other cities. However, not all air pollution is visible. Air pollution takes place when the air contains gases or fumes and dust. The air pollution that can be seen is called smog, but that which cannot be seen is just as dangerous as the smog that results in dangerous air quality warnings. When there is air pollution, it means that there is a high quantity of dangerous gases in the air that may be injurious toRead MoreHong Kong s Air Pollution Problems1660 Words   |  7 PagesHong Kong’s Air Pollution problems Hong Kong’s air pollution has reached unprecedented, phenomenal levels, which seems to be growing controllably with each passing day, and creating worse situations. Despite there are desperate and overwhelming measures taken by the Hong Kong Government Authority to address and rectify the situation, the situation of air pollution is turning grimmer by the day. After the Second World War, the major working sector in China began a massive shift from the agrarianRead MoreAir Pollution: Causes, Problems, and Solutions In Hong Kong1607 Words   |  7 PagesHong Kong is one of the busiest cities in the world. It is not only prominent as an Asian commercial center, but also famous for its air pollution, which haunts the lives of thousands of Hong Kong people and wastes billions of dollars of the government and the private sectors every year. It is an unchanging fact that air pollution in Hong Kong not only results in a waste of massive amounts of money, but also results in deterioration on the overall health standard of the Hong Kong population. NoRead MoreHong Kong’s Environmental Problems and Solutions1223 Words   |  5 PagesHong Kong’s environmental problems and solutions Hong Kong is one of the top financial centers in the world. Thus, the environmental quality of Hong Kong is very important. It is because the environmental quality is indirectly linking to the image of Hong Kong. Moreover, the living standard of Hong Kong residents is also under influencing of the environmental quality. However, Hong Kong is now surviving serious environmental problems. Poor air quality, noise problem and heavy traffic loads are theRead MoreHong Kongs Environmental Problems and Solutions1209 Words   |  5 PagesHong Kong’s environmental problems and solutions Hong Kong is one of the top financial centers in the world. Thus, the environmental quality of Hong Kong is very important. It is because the environmental quality is indirectly linking to the image of Hong Kong. Moreover, the living standard of Hong Kong residents is also under influencing of the environmental quality. However, Hong Kong is now surviving serious environmental problems. Poor air quality, noise problem and heavy traffic loads areRead MoreDisney Environmental Impacts (Hong Kong)1650 Words   |  7 PagesThis following report is based on the environmental impacts and issues Hong Kong Disneyland has on the hospitality and tourism industries. Disneyland was first opened in Los Angeles in the year 1955 and is owned and operated by The Walt Disney Company. It was aimed for entertainment and family and is one of the most popular and well-known theme parks in the world. Later on, Disneyland opened in three more countries, which includes Florida, Japan and Europe. Visitors were offered exciting rollerRead MoreDisney Environmental Impacts (Hong Kong)1663 Words   |  7 PagesThis following report is based on the environmental impacts and issues Hong Kong Disneyland has on the hospitality and tourism industries. Disneyland was first opened in Los Angeles in the year 1955 and is owned and operated by The Walt Disney Company. It was aimed for entertainment and family and is one of the most popular and well-known theme parks in the world. Later on, Disneyland opened in three more countries, which includes Florida, Japan and Europe. 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The businesses in this market include restaurants, fast food stores, pubs, etc. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Yum Chaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  is synonymous with eating Dim Sum, and it is a Cantonese Cuisine, which is very popular in Hong Kong, therefore, the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Yum Chaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  market is very large in Hong Kong. To prove that the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Yum Chaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  market is a perfect

Reflective Journal of International Business Planning and...

Student’s Reflective Journal Subject : MNM41 International business planning marketing Identify the theory/model/case Case name: Wal-Mart’s German Misadventure I really like this article. It provides a comprehensive view of a huge corporation entering a new market. It indicates how a difficult it is for a corporation to enter a market based on completely different culture, language, consumer concern and regulation environment. Especially in a highly-developed economy, the competitive level would rise because of more transparent information exchange, historical business background and the government intervention. It tells how What was the most important new learning that I gained? There are many factors that worth†¦show more content†¦And this is a fundamental impact, since Wal-Mart Germany failed to copy their most successful business strategy in Germany. I am also surprised by the failure of ten-foot rule. Ten foot rule is a basic rule within Wal-Mart, indicates that any customer approaches service staff should be greeted within 10 foot. However, mentioned in the case, it contrarily damages the impression of Wal-Mart because German customers are more concerned about the price. It is very interesting that some of the strategies ( or tactics ) may not be applied in Germany. E.g. loyalty card is banned. It is obvious that the government has tried hard to create a fair competitive environment to all of the competitors. It is hardly seen in Asian countries. Identify examples of how you believe that the module would help you The reason why I choose this article as the material of my reflective is because of the depth and width. It relates to the industry, the customs, the competitive advantages of the firm and many other external / internal issues of a corporation. It gives me much wider concerns when I’m going to operate a business in foreign countries. Concerns of customer behaviour may be of most importance, e.g. the ordinary Chinese people may have more concern on â€Å"price† but not â€Å"value†, while the English don’t. The German people, as stated in the article, do not careShow MoreRelatedManagement and Mid-term Test1841 Words   |  8 PagesDepartment of Management, Marketing, and Entrepreneurship MGMT 100 Fundamentals of Management Course Outline – Semester One 2013; Course Co-ordinator; Herb de Vries Weekly schedule of lectures and tutorials There will be 12 weeks of 3 x 1 hour lectures per week, and 9 x 1 hour tutorials at scheduled times during the semester. The first tutorial starts on the week of 25 Feb. Teaching staff Lecturers: Tutors: Dr H.P. de Vries – weeks 1-3 10-12; Dr S. Malinen – weeks 4-9 To be advised inRead MorePlanned and Emergent Approach Finding a Balance2476 Words   |  10 Pagesthinking and planning. It would also incorporate the idea of chaos theory and the importance of understanding the market through certain criteria that have been learned in the course. Introduction to each approach Planned approach is a formalized approach to a strategy; it focuses on control formalization, centralization and inflexibility. (Mintzberg, 1994) Organisations are subject to rigid control with no chances of improvisation and learning. Nevertheless planned approach helps marketing in theRead MoreStudying the Internal and External Environment of an Organization6081 Words   |  24 Pagesthe domain of the organization they work in. but irrespective of the measures an organizations take to strike a balance between the internal and external environment the enterprise risk management remains the point of contention. 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The Awakening By Kate Chopin - 1816 Words

During the late eighteen hundreds, which was the time of Edna Pontellier who was a protagonist of her time, women were thought of as nothing but house wives whose only task was to take care of her husband and children. Kate Chopin’s book, The Awakening, expresses the failures and the successes in a woman s life as she tries to live with the harsh cultural demands placed on her life. Edna fights against the stereotype mother/woman and the pressures of 1899 that demand her to be a meek and loyal housewife. Although Edna ultimately commits suicide thus wasting her efforts against an oppressive society, The Awakening still supports and endorses feminism as a method for women to gain sexual liberation, financial independence, and a personal identity. Feminism is most often thought of as a method used for educating society on the rights of women. It teaches that men and women are equal in every way both civil and societal. Charlotte Bunch, realizing that this is not always the case , also defined feminism as a way of looking at the world a questioning of power and domination issues. A great deal of feminists attempt to ignore the ideas of a stereotypical women and move them away from people who don’t. They fight to find, study, and do away with biases in a world filled with ignorant men who see women only as objects and not equals. There are however, women who announce their immense intellect, wealth, and vibrant and free personalities to those who oppress them. A womanShow MoreRelatedThe Awakening By Kate Chopin1479 Words   |  6 PagesKate Chopin’s controversial novel, The Awakening, ignited turmoil because of her blatant disregard of the established 19th century perspective of women upholding strictly maternal and matrimonial responsibilities. Edna’s candid exploration of the restrictions on women through her liberal behavior in a conservative Victorian society makes her a literary symbol for feminist ideals. Despite denunciation from other people, Edna chooses individuality over conformity through her veering from traditionalRead MoreThe Awakening by Kate Chopin1102 Words   |  5 Pagesveracity of this quote as both find their independence by boldly exceeding the norm. Their stories were fashioned during a period of great change and both characters are hallmarks of the hope and power women were unearthing at the time. The Awakening by Kate Chopin and Tess of the D’Urbervilles by Thomas Hardy are novels concerned with the transformation of women’s roles in society. Their protagonists, Tess and Edna, are not outright feminists, but they are acutely aware of the limitations imposed uponRead MoreThe Awakening By Kate Chopin1919 Words   |  8 PagesIn the novel, The Awakening, by Kate Chopin, we see how much of an importance the men in Edna’s life serve as a purpose to her awakening. Chopin is known to write stories about women who are unsatisfied with their lives while living in a life that is dominated by men. Other than Edna, the main men characters are typical men of the late 19th century era. Chopin shows how these three men are diverse from one another. The Creole men are Là ©once Pontellier, Edna’s husband, Robert, Edna’s mystery man numberRead MoreThe Awakening By Kate Chopin901 Words   |  4 Pagescandidly. Kate Chopin is honorably amongst this group of authors. Her works divinely portrayed the culture of New Orleans and the lives of Louisiana s Creole and Cajun residents. Chopin openly express her views on sex, marriage, and the injustices of women during the time. Kate Chopin’s novel, The Awakening, best exemplifies the contextual achievement of realism through the rejection of conformity, the exploration of love, and the weight of social opinion on individual choices. The Awakening is publishedRead MoreThe Awakening By Kate Chopin1222 Words   |  5 Pages The Awakening By: Kate Chopin Emely Maldonado AP LIT Period 3 Topic 3 Maldonado 1 Displacement The late 1800s and the 1900s was a prison for woman’s individuality. During this time period, stereotypical views of women were commenced by society and men. In the era that the novel, The Awakening by Kate Chopin was published, the gender roles were graved in stone, men would work to maintain their family and women would adhere to the house-hold duties. Dissatisfaction with theRead MoreThe Awakening By Kate Chopin1193 Words   |  5 PagesDavian Hart The Awakening By: Kate Chopin AP Literature Topic 3 Hart 1 Over the course of time the male species has always been the gender to attain the more favorable conditions. Numerous cultures heed to the belief that the man is the provider and head of his family. This machismo nature can condition the mind to believe that a man should feel superior to a woman. The continuous cycle of male superiority flows down from father to son subconsciously. Do to this unceasingRead MoreThe Awakening, By Kate Chopin887 Words   |  4 Pages Feminism has been a term used by many authors and writers for centuries, symbolizing women being able to use freedom the way they want to, not the way others want them to use it. Edna Pontellier, the main character in Kate Chopin’s novel The Awakening, experiences an â€Å"awakening† in her life, where she discovers her position in the universe and goes in this direction instead of what others like her husband Leonce tell her to take, similar to the style of feminism. â€Å"In short, Mrs. Pontellier was beg inningRead MoreThe Awakening By Kate Chopin1427 Words   |  6 Pagessuffering an imposition (Moderata). Throughout history, the inherent inferiority of women to men has often been cited as a way to deter women from becoming an individual and pursuing more in life. This notion is a prevalent issue in The Awakening by Kate Chopin; in which Edna fights to live her own way and is ultimately unable to survive in the cage of society. Not only has this supposed inferiority effected women for generations, but it has created inequality in our society today; especially inRead MoreThe Awakening By Kate Chopin1633 Words   |  7 Pages1. Title of text (underline novels/plays) author’s name The Awakening by Kate Chopin 2. Characterization Character Development (a) 1.Edna Pontellier- Edna is the main character of the novel who is married to a businessman. Edna is a dynamic character because at the beginning of the novel, she conforms to society by being the â€Å"perfect† mother and wife; however, Edna suddenly realizes that she is no longer happy with the way she was living her life and began to become independent only for herRead MoreThe Awakening By Kate Chopin915 Words   |  4 PagesMany of Kate Chopin’s writings are trademarked by her unique, deliberate word choices. Chopin uses phrases that do not make sense and seem to contradict themselves to get across a point. In two of her stories, â€Å"The Story of an Hour† and â€Å"The Awakening,† Chopin’s word usage highlights the idea of self-discovery. â€Å"The Awakening† and â€Å"The Story of an Hour† share similar themes. â€Å"The Awakening† is the story of a woman in the late 1800s discovering her apathy for her traditional female role as a wife

Barbados †Country’s Geographical Notes Free Essays

Barbados island nation in the Caribbean, is situated about 100 miles (160 kilometres) east of the Windward Islands. Roughly triangular in shape, it measures 21 miles from northwest to southeast and about 14 miles from east to west, with a total area of 166 square miles (430 square kilometres). Its capital is Bridgetown, the only seaport. We will write a custom essay sample on Barbados – Country’s Geographical Notes or any similar topic only for you Order Now Barbados is not part of the Lesser Antilles, although it is sometimes grouped with this archipelago. The island is of different geologic formation; it is less mountainous and has less variety in plant and animal life. The geographic position of Barbados has profoundly influenced the island’s history, culture, and aspects of its economic life. In the era of sailing ships, access to the island was difficult because of the prevailing winds from the northeast. Outward-bound ships from Europe had to gain the island while heading west, for it was difficult for them to turn and reach its shores by sailing eastward against the wind. The island remained a British possession without interruption from its settlement in the 17th century to 1966, when it attained independence. As the first Caribbean landfall from Europe, Barbados has functioned since the late 17th century as a major link between western Europe (mainly Britain), eastern Caribbean territories, and parts of the South American mainland. Because of its long association with Britain, the culture of Barbados is probably more British than that of any other Caribbean island. Since independence, however, cultural nationalism and regional awareness have tended to increase. The climate is generally pleasant. The temperature does not usually rise above 86 F (30 C) or fall below 72 F (22 C). There are two seasons: the dry season, from early December to May, and the wet season, which lasts for the rest of the year. Average rainfall is about 60 inches (1,525 millimeters) a year, but, despite the small size of the island, rainfall varies, rising from the low-lying coastal areas to the high central district. Barbados lies in the southern border of the Carribean hurricane zone, and hurricanes have caused great devastation. Barbados is densely populated. More than one-third of the population is concentrated in Bridgetown and the surrounding area. Most of the farmland is owned by large landowners or corporations. As a result, â€Å"tenantries† are as common as villages. Tenantries are clusters of wooden houses–locally known as chattel houses–located on the borders of the large estates; they are usually owned by the occupants but stand on rented ground from which they may easily be removed. Most of them have electricity and running water. The largest town is Bridgetown. In its commercial and administrative centre, multistorey buildings are altering the features of the 19th-century town. Apart from Bridgetown, Oistins, Holetown, and Speightstown are the largest towns. The population of Barbados was 257 082 in 1990. the average population density was 572 persons per sq. km (1482 per sq. mile) was notably high considering the predominantly rural agricultural character growth of population during 1970s and 1980s was kept below 1% by out-migration. The capital, largest city and only seaport is Bridgetown with a population of 6720 in 1990. About 90% of the total population black; the remaining portion is composed of whites and persons of mixed racial descent. English is the official language. More than 50% of the people are Anglicans; other important faiths include various protestant sects and Roman Catholic. Education is free to children between ages of 5 to 16yrs. Barbados has a small, market-oriented, developing economy. Services, manufacturing, and agriculture are the main productive sectors. Although Barbados had a relatively high per capita growth rate in the 1980s, unemployment, especially among the youth and women, has been a serious problem. Most of the employment is in services and distributive trades, the greater part of which has been unionized. The economy of Barbados has traditionally been dependent on the growing of sugarcane and the production of export of refined sugar, molasses and rum. Sugarcane is grown principally on large estates rather than on the small farms. The annual harvest is in the early 1990s totalled about 600000 metric tons. Local industries manufacturing clothing, furniture, electrical and electronic equipment and plastic items. Newly discovered reserves of petroleum and natural gas are being exploited. Fishing has also increased the importance. Tourists’ facilities have earned more foreign revenue than sugar products. The table below shows the origin of tourists to Barbados, the number of tourists visiting Barbados and the average GNP of tourists visiting Barbados ($US). The table below is refers to the question ‘why do fewer tourists travel shorter distances to Barbados from West Indies and South America? COUNTRY NO. OF TOURISTS TO BARBADOS AVERAGE GNO OF TOURISTS IN $US CANADA 65600 17936 SOUTH AMERICA 3500 3087 USA 170800 16664 UK 101200 11903 WEST EUROPE 33700 13333 WEST INDIES 64300 2798 Climate Figures For London The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Tourism To Barbados Barbados has many white sandy beaches and the beautiful sun, which often attracts holidaymakers. But the holidaymakers also bring many disadvantages to the country. The advantages and disadvantages are listed below in two categories. ADVANTAGES * When holidaymakers arrive the country often needs employees to work in hotels. E.G. waiters/waitresses, cleaners, bar attendants etc. * The country employs 15000 people. * Holidaymakers create other jobs such as in garages, factories, taxi drivers etc. * Tourism has encouraged the development of facilities which benefit the whole community. a) a deep water harbour b) an airport terminal c) a better road network d) an improvement in water supply, sewage, disposal, electricity. * Fisherman benefit as there is more fish needed to please tourist so the fisherman receive more money. DISADVANTAGES * Jobs have to shed labour at slack periods (Sep / Oct and May / June). * Cost was expensive to establish because of the need to import foreign manufactured goods such as vehicles and furniture. * Cost loses income for the country because a) food and manufactured goods still have to be imported, b) many hotels are foreign owned. The government is now trying to rectify by building hotels itself and encouraging local people tourists apartments. * Tourism has an effect upon agriculture by depressing it by draining it of workers. * The country loses money due to having the need to import goods such as Beef from New Zealand and Los Angeles. * Economy is dependent upon conditions elsewhere- recession in North America and Europe caused tourist numbers to fall by 5% in 1981. * Low moral standards in the tourists can have a bad effect on communities such as alcohol abuse and prostitution. * Tourist industries have affected land beach and sea resources. It is also responsible for increase in pollution on both land and sea. IS TOURISM HELPING BARBADOS? It’s very difficult question to answer whether tourism is helping Barbados or not. So to answer this question I had divided it into two categories â€Å"Positive† and â€Å"Negative. After considering all the points it will be easier to decide whether tourism is helping Barbados or not. â€Å"Positive† * because tourism brings money to island like Barbados through accommodation paid for by tourists, souvenirs sold to tourists e.g. clothes, steel drums, coral jewellery, tours organized by country’s community as they drive them around by giving toured rides etc. * because tourism supplies jobs for the country’s community e.g. in hotels as bar attendants, waiters/waitresses, cleaners etc., taxi drivers, fishermen/women etc. * because tourism stimulates the country’s market, even providing new markets. * because tourism has provided a better communication between races and cultures. * because tourism has provided the country with enough money to produce an airport, maintain better road links and conditions, and an improvement in water supply, sewage disposal and electricity. â€Å"Negative† * because tourism has also broken up communities by bringing so many tourists into the country that the communities are being denied access to the facilities provided. * because tourism has caused a loss in money by tourists expecting foreign manufactured goods e.g. food, furniture, vehicles etc instead of buying native products. * because tourism has caused a westernizing effect on culture and social standards, which can cause differences and may even cause the community to forget its background history. * because tourism has caused the environment to change by making buildings around the beach and buildings which do not fit in with the country’s environment. * because the agriculture workers have left the fields to work in hotels close to the tourists so there are not many people to work in the fields anymore. After considering this subject, I conclude that tourism has both positive and negative effects on Barbados. If tourism is not controlled, in future it will not have good effect on the country as the country will be changed i.e. there will not be clean beaches with beautiful white sand and crystal clear green sea water, beautiful palm trees or the green environment etc. this will changed by the community changing their environment to please the tourists by building more hotels and forgetting their culture. If you think carefully then you will realize that tourists are going to Barbados for its culture, its beautiful white sand and crystal green water, its green environment and of course the sun. On consideration, tourism can have benefits for Barbados- bringing employment, income and improved facilities. On the other hand it can bring pollution, destruction of the environment in order to build facilities, and can have a detrimental effect on the culture and community life. WHY DO FEWER TOURISTS TRAVEL SHORTER DISTANCES? In answering this question I have referred to table 1 on the previous page. The question asked is ‘why fewer tourists travels shorter distances to Barbados from South America and West Indies?’ My opinion on the question asked by many people is that GNP in both places is low and the vast majority cannot afford to travel abroad. If the country does not have a very high GNP they will not have much disposable income after all the main expenses are paid off e.g. mortgage, taxes bills, National Insurance (N.I), pensions, and road tax ( if car is involved). South America’s GNP is 3087. West Indies GNP is 2798 (the figures stated are calculated in $US). If you compare the GNP of countries like USA and the UK to that of the GNP of the countries like the West Indies and the South America you will notice that people in the USA and in the UK have much more disposable income. USA’s GNP is 16664. UK’s GNP is 11903 (the figures stated are calculated in $US). Another reason for answering this question is that in the West Indies and in South America the annual average climate is generally the same so the residents will not need to travel to find the sun and fine weather. WHY DO SO MANY PEOPLE TRAVEL TO BARBADOS FROM NORTH AMERICA EUROPE? The question asked is why do so many people travel to Barbados from North America and Europe. My suggested opinion is firstly because in countries in North America and Europe usually have a higher GNP meaning after all the main expenses are paid off (stated in the question ‘why do fewer tourists travel shorter distances to Barbados?’)they end up with enough disposable income to spend on the trips to places like Barbados. Another reason is that in places like Europe and North America the climate is too hot but there is either too little hot weather or the climate is not hot enough. There are not that many beautiful beaches like in Barbados. ‘WHY DO TOURISTS FROM NORTH AMERICA AND EUROPE TURN UP IN BARBADOS AT CERTAIN TIMES OF THE YEAR?’ My suggested answer for this question is because of hot climate. At certain times in the year the sun is out and the weather is basically hot, hot and hot with a lot of sun. The months when the climate is hot and sunny is at the end of December to beginning of June. The remaining months are mainly rainy months so you wouldn’t actually find many tourists around in Barbados. How to cite Barbados – Country’s Geographical Notes, Papers

Writing an Explanatory Paper free essay sample

Writing an explanatory paper What motivates some individuals to volunteer or perform community service? On my way to church one Saturday morning, I happen to noticed quite a few young people with card board signs in their hands as I drove through my community. They were standing on the sidewalks waving their signs left and right. As the traffic came to a stop at a traffic light, some of them rushed to my vehicle and asked for donations. While dropping a few dollars into one of their cups, I happen to notice their signs reading Support the relief of Haiti. As I continued on my Journey I pondered the question, what motivates individuals to volunteer or perform community service? Many people today perform community service because of various reasons such as; it saves resources, brings people together, and promotes personal growth and self esteem. However religious obligations and service hours requirement for programs are the top reasons that motivate individuals to perform community service. We will write a custom essay sample on Writing an Explanatory Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Throughout the world many people for instance Christian, are always seen performing various types of volunteer work. Christianity often encourages believers to partake in community service. In American culture money is one of the central ways we denominate value. However, a life of Christian service will include the giving away of a more valuable asset than money, and that is time. The giving away of time is often noted as being Christ like. Most people are motivated to volunteer because of sharing of love and the need to support. The gospels emphasize the importance of providing services to others. When asked how to inherit eternal life, Jesus Christ himself indicated that loving God nd loving your neighbor as yourself (Luke 10:27). The parable of The Good Samaritan is a good example of how the person who loves his neighbor is the one who provides service to him (Luke 10:25-37). According to the Bible, everyone is your neighbor and you love your neighbor by providing him service when he is in need. Throughout the gospels Jesus Christ was known for giving much of his time and services where he dwelled by helping the misfortunate, thus teaching his followers to be like him. Today, as a result, Christians are following in Christ footsteps. They are een volunteering their time and services in places like homeless shelters, hospitals and in less fortunate countries as missionaries. Christians are known throughout the world for performing community service as a religious obligation. Community service has now become beneficial to school systems. Its been implemented that volunteerism is now a graduation requirement for high school students in hundreds of school districts around the country. Many schools have done this most successfully through service-learning programs, which tie community- service projects to academic studies. For example, students at Martin County High construction. With their training the students then go into a low income community day care and construction sites and volunteer those services. Reports by, The Corporation for National and Community Service states that service learning increase students attendance, grade, and community involvement, among other benefits. Service hours requirement is also an advantage for students heading to the Job market. For instance, when creating resumes experience gained while performing community duties can be added and count toward experience within certain fields. Volunteering in the community for service hours is an advantage for students and their future. Love is kindness, sharing and giving. Volunteering usually promote those Jesters thus, bringing people together. Community service is not Just an obligation it is a life style. People who perform community service are merely following Christ example as mention throughout the gospels. Community service also serves as a condition that meets and fulfills program requirements. For instance, high school students benefit from community service a great deal as well. Overall community service satisfies a good cause.